Wondered about Algorithms and found this:

Oracle, like any other database management system (DBMS), uses a variety of algorithms to ensure data is stored, retrieved, and manipulated efficiently and effectively. These algorithms are at the heart of the Oracle DBMS and are critical to its operation.

**History and Usage of Oracle in Relation to Algorithms:**

1. **Data Storage Algorithms**: To store data efficiently, Oracle uses sophisticated algorithms. The data is stored in “blocks” which are the smallest units of storage that Oracle can manage. These blocks are then grouped together into data files, further organized into tablespaces. The algorithms determine how to best store and organize this data for efficient retrieval.

2. **Indexing Algorithms**: Oracle uses B-tree indexing algorithm as a default, which allows for faster data retrieval. It also offers bitmap indexes, function-based indexes, and more. These indexing algorithms allow Oracle to quickly locate and retrieve data without having to scan every row in a table.

3. **Query Optimization Algorithms**: Oracle uses a Cost-Based Optimizer (CBO) which employs complex algorithms to determine the most efficient way to execute a SQL query. The CBO considers factors like the statistical data about the distribution of values, the amount of data, indexes, and system performance to make its decisions.

4. **Concurrency Control Algorithms**: Oracle employs Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) algorithms to handle transactions and to keep data consistent when multiple users are accessing the database at the same time.

5. **Backup and Recovery Algorithms**: Oracle uses various algorithms to take backups (like full, differential, or incremental) and to recover data in case of failure. Oracle also uses algorithms like the Fast Recovery Area (FRA) to automate the disk space management for backup and recovery files.

6. **Data Compression Algorithms**: Oracle uses advanced compression algorithms to reduce the amount of storage needed for data, and the amount of I/O needed for queries.

In essence, algorithms are integral to Oracle’s functionality, performance, and reliability. They help Oracle deliver the speed, power, and robustness that it’s known for in the world of database management systems.